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FLUSSI 2007 DELL'IMMIGRAZIONE

  : Ajouté le 4/12/2007 à 10:03 AM

IL PRESIDENTE DEL CONSIGLIO DEI MINISTRI
 
  Visto  il  decreto legislativo 25 luglio 1998, n. 286, e successive
modificazioni   ed   integrazioni,   recante  il  testo  unico  delle
disposizioni  concernenti  la  disciplina  dell'immigrazione  e norme
sulla condizione dello straniero;
  Visto il decreto del Presidente della Repubblica 31 agosto 1999, n.
394,  e successive modificazioni ed integrazioni, Regolamento recante
norme di attuazione del testo unico sull'immigrazione;
  Visto,  in particolare, l'art. 3 del testo unico sull'immigrazione,
che  dispone  che  la  determinazione  annuale delle quote massime di
stranieri  da ammettere nel territorio dello Stato avviene sulla base
dei  criteri  generali  per  la  definizione  dei  flussi  d'ingresso
individuati  nel  Documento  programmatico  triennale,  relativo alla
politica  dell'immigrazione  e  degli  stranieri nel territorio dello
Stato,  e  che  prevede  che,  "in  caso di mancata pubblicazione del
decreto  di  programmazione  annuale, il Presidente del Consiglio dei
Ministri puo' provvedere in via transitoria, *** proprio decreto, nel
limite delle quote stabilite per l'anno precedente";
  Considerato   che   il  Documento  programmatico  per  il  triennio
2007-2009,  ancorche'  in  fase  di  avanzata predisposizione, non e'
stato  ancora  emanato  in  quanto  necessita dei conclusivi passaggi
istruttori previsti dalla legge;
  Ritenuta  l'urgenza  di  definire,  per le esigenze del mercato del
lavoro   italiano,   la   quota  di  lavoratori  extracomunitari  non
stagionali da ammettere nel territorio dello Stato per l'anno 2007;
  Visti   i   decreti  del  Presidente  del  Consiglio  dei  Ministri
15 febbraio  2006 e 25 ottobre 2006, *** i quali la quota complessiva
massima  dei  lavoratori  extracomunitari  non  stagionali ammessi in
Italia per l'anno 2006 e' stata determinata in 470.000 unita';
  Visto   il  decreto  del  Presidente  del  Consiglio  dei  Ministri
9 gennaio  2007, concernente la Programmazione transitoria dei flussi
d'ingresso dei lavoratori stagionali extracomunitari e dei lavoratori
formati all'estero nel territorio dello Stato per l'anno 2007;
  Vista  la  relazione  in data 12 ottobre 2007 del Gruppo Tecnico di
lavoro  istituito presso il Ministero dell'interno ai sensi dell'art.
2-bis del testo unico sull'immigrazione;
  Visto  l'art.  21  del  testo  unico  sull'immigrazione,  circa  la
previsione  di  quote  riservate  ai  lavoratori di origine italiana,
nonche'  a  favore  di  Paesi  che  collaborano  nelle  politiche  di
regolamentazione   dei  flussi  di  ingresso  e  nelle  procedure  di
riammissione;
  Tenuto   conto  delle  necessita'  e  delle  esigenze  dei  settori
produttivi  nazionali  che  richiedono  lavoratori stranieri anche in
posizione   dirigenziale   o   altamente   qualificati,  nonche'  del
fabbisogno   di  lavoratori  autonomi,  provenienti  dall'estero,  in
particolari settori imprenditoriali, professionali e della ricerca;
 
                              Decreta:
 
                               Art. 1.
  1.  In  via di programmazione transitoria dei flussi d'ingresso dei
lavoratori  extracomunitari non stagionali nel territorio dello Stato
per  l'anno  2007,  sono  ammessi  in  Italia,  per  motivi di lavoro
subordinato   non  stagionale  e  di  lavoro  autonomo,  i  cittadini
stranieri  non  comunitari, entro una quota massima di 170.000 unita'
da  ripartire  tra  le  regioni  e  le  province  autonome a cura del
Ministero della solidarieta' sociale.
   Art. 2.
  1.  Nell'ambito  della  quota  di  cui  all'art. 1, sono ammessi in
Italia,  per  motivi  di  lavoro  subordinato  non stagionale, 47.100
cittadini  di Paesi che hanno sottoscritto o stanno per sottoscrivere
specifici  accordi  di  cooperazione  in  materia  migratoria,  cosi'
ripartiti:
    a) 4.500 cittadini albanesi;
    b) 1.000 cittadini algerini;
    c) 3.000 cittadini del Bangladesh;
    d) 8.000 cittadini egiziani;
    e) 5.000 cittadini filippini;
    f) 1.000 cittadini ghanesi;
    g) 4.500 cittadini marocchini;
    h) 6.500 cittadini moldavi;
    i) 1.500 cittadini nigeriani;
    l) 1.000 cittadini pakistani;
    m) 1.000 cittadini senegalesi;
    n) 100 cittadini somali;
    o) 3.500 cittadini dello Sri Lanka;
    p) 4.000 cittadini tunisini;
    q)  2.500  cittadini  di  altri Paesi non appartenenti all'Unione
europea  che concludano accordi finalizzati alla regolamentazione dei
flussi di ingresso e delle procedure di riammissione.
Art. 3.
  1.  Nell'ambito  della  quota  di  cui  all'art. 1, sono ammessi in
Italia  per  motivi di lavoro subordinato non stagionale, i cittadini
stranieri  non  comunitari residenti all'estero provenienti dai Paesi
non  elencati  all'art.  2,  entro  una quota di 110.900 unita' cosi'
ripartite:
    a) 65.000 ingressi per motivi di lavoro domestico o di assistenza
alla persona;
    b) 14.200 ingressi per il settore edile;
    c) 1.000   ingressi   per   dirigenti   o   personale   altamente
qualificato;
    d) 500 ingressi per conducenti, muniti di patente europea, per il
settore dell'autotrasporto e della movimentazione di merci;
    e) 200 ingressi per il settore della pesca marittima;
    f) 30.000 ingressi per i restanti settori produttivi.
Art. 4.
  1.  Nell'ambito  della  quota  di cui all'art. 1, e' autorizzata la
conversione in permessi di soggiorno per lavoro subordinato di:
    a) 3.000 permessi di soggiorno per studio;
    b) 2.500 permessi di soggiorno per tirocinio;
    c) 1.500 permessi di soggiorno per lavoro stagionale.
  2.  Nell'ambito  della  quota  di  cui all'art. 1, e' riservata una
quota  di  1.500  ingressi  ai  cittadini  stranieri  non  comunitari
residenti all'estero che abbiano completato i programmi di formazione
e  di  istruzione  nel  Paese  di  origine  ai sensi dell'art. 23 del
decreto  legislativo  25 luglio  1998, n. 286. In caso di esaurimento
della  predetta  quota, sono ammessi ulteriori ingressi sulla base di
effettive richieste di lavoratori formati ai sensi del citato art. 23
e  dell'art. 34 del decreto del Presidente della Repubblica 31 agosto
1999, n. 394.
Art. 5.
  1.  Nell'ambito  della  quota  di  cui  all'art.  1,  e' consentito
l'ingresso  di  3.000  cittadini  stranieri  non comunitari residenti
all'estero, per motivi di lavoro autonomo, appartenenti alle seguenti
categorie:   ricercatori,  imprenditori  che  svolgono  attivita'  di
interesse  per  l'economia  italiana,  liberi  professionisti, soci e
amministratori  di  societa'  non cooperative, artisti di chiara fama
internazionale  e  di alta qualificazione professionale ingaggiati da
enti pubblici e privati.
  2. All'interno della quota di cui al comma 1, sono ammesse, sino ad
un  massimo  di 1.500 unita', le conversioni di permessi di soggiorno
per  motivi  di  studio  e  formazione  professionale  in permessi di
soggiorno per lavoro autonomo.
Art. 6.
  1.  Nell'ambito della quota di cui all'art. 1, per l'anno 2007 sono
ammessi  in Italia, per motivi di lavoro subordinato non stagionale e
di  lavoro  autonomo,  entro  una  quota di 500 unita', lavoratori di
origine  italiana  per parte di almeno uno dei genitori fino al terzo
grado in linea diretta di ascendenza, residenti in Argentina, Uruguay
e  Venezuela,  che chiedano di essere inseriti in un apposito elenco,
contenente   le   qualifiche  professionali  dei  lavoratori  stessi,
costituito presso le rappresentanze diplomatiche o consolari italiane
in Argentina, Uruguay e Venezuela.
 
   Art. 7.
  1. I  termini  per  la  presentazione  delle  domande  ai sensi del
presente decreto decorrono:
    a) per  i  lavoratori  provenienti dai Paesi indicati all'art. 2,
dalle   ore  8  del  quindicesimo  giorno  successivo  alla  data  di
pubblicazione  del  presente  decreto  nella Gazzetta Ufficiale della
Repubblica italiana;
    b)  per  i  lavoratori  provenienti  dai  Paesi diversi da quelli
indicati all'art. 2:
      1) dalle  ore 8 del diciottesimo giorno successivo alla data di
pubblicazione  del  presente  decreto,  per  il  settore  del  lavoro
domestico e di assistenza alla persona;
      2) dalle  ore  8 del ventunesimo giorno successivo alla data di
pubblicazione del presente decreto, per tutti i restanti settori.
  2.  Nel  limite  della  quota  complessiva  di cui all'art. 1, sono
ammesse  le domande di nulla osta al lavoro presentate entro sei mesi
dalla  data  di  pubblicazione  del  presente  decreto nella Gazzetta
Ufficiale della Repubblica italiana.
 
Art. 8.
  1. Trascorsi  sessanta  giorni  dalla  data  di  pubblicazione  del
presente  decreto nella Gazzetta Ufficiale della Repubblica italiana,
qualora vengano rilevate quote significative non utilizzate, le quote
stabilite  nel  presente  decreto, ferma restando la quota massima di
cui  all'art.  1,  possono  essere  diversamente ripartite sulla base
delle effettive necessita' riscontrate sul mercato del lavoro.
    Roma, 30 ottobre 2007
 
                                                 Il Presidente: Prodi
 
Registrato alla Corte dei conti il 21 novembre 2007
Ministeri  istituzionali  -  Presidenza  del  Consiglio dei Ministri,
registro n. 12, foglio n. 34
 

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http://blog.ifrance.com/foudal

 

 



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WE LIVE IN AN EXPANDING UNIVERSE

  : Ajouté le 19/11/2007 à 12:28 AM


47- With power did We construct heaven. Verily, We are expanding it.
51-The Dispersing, 47

Is the universe infinite? Or is it finite in a steady state? From the very beginning this has been a subject of debate between great minds. Hot debates and ratiocination of all kinds failed to clarify this dilemma. This had once been the subject of philosophical speculations before it yielded its place to the science of physics. Some of the great minds argued that the universe was not a confined space, while others contended that its boundaries were drawn. The Quran describes it as a continuously expanding and dynamic universe. According to this description, the universe has a new aspect every instant that deviates from the concept of an infinite space; its perpetual expansion defies the concept of a confined and steady state universe. Thus, the Quran propounds a third alternative, leaving the heated controversy of thinkers in abeyance.

This may contribute to the formulation of a judgment for the inquiring minds, probing whether the Quran is God’s revelation or not. We have, on the one hand, Muhammad in the desert, neither a philosopher nor a physicist, and, on the other hand, the assumptions of great thinkers and philosophers such as Aristotle, Ptolemy,Giordano Bruno, Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton, to name but a few. The greatest minds in history, basing their arguments on observations and formulas they had ingeniously devised, claimed either that the universe had its confines or that it was an endless space, but it occurred to none of them to think of a dynamic expanding universe, until the 20th century when Edwin Hubble, by means of a telescope, demonstrated that the universe was expanding. The theory of expansion of the universe was first advanced in the 1920s. Until the descent of the Quran no other source had made such an assertion!

MUHAMMAD’S TELESCOPE

Unbelievers contended that the Quran was Muhammad’s own fabrication and not the revelation of God. How then would these dissenters explain the fact that Muhammad had been the only person who was aware of the expanding universe long before the 1920s.

Could it be that in the 600s he had invented a telescope similar to the one contrived in the 1900s? Could it be that he had been familiar with the handling of such a telescope and acquainted with the motion of stars and that he had concealed it from his fellow men? If those who accused the Prophet of lunacy and alleged that in his delusional states he imagined himself the messenger of God were justified in their claims, how would they account for the fact that he knew facts not known to his contemporaries, facts that were to be discovered 1300 years after his revelation of them? If those people assert that the Prophet had devised a religion to serve his own ends, how can they explain that his so-called delusions materialized after a lapse of 1300 years? His pronouncements at the time did not promote his interests in any way; quite the reverse was the case, since he unwittingly gave his enemies a hint they might take advantage of. Can a person whose own interests prevail over the interests of others declare something not to his own advantage that was sure to be bitterly censured and much derided by those whose naked eyes failed to observe the expansion of the universe? If, despite this, a person came up with the contention that Muhammad was an intelligent man who might have perceived this truth, what sort of an intelligence might this have been?

And, instead of boasting of having been the depository of such knowledge, why would he have preferred to tell an untruth and claim that this was not his own discovery but the revelation by God? While the inventor or discoverer of a pin is inclined to brag about his breakthrough, why on earth would Muhammad choose to be modest and categorically declare that the Quran was not his own production, but the revelation of God? Was this due to humility? Would these people - who had denied his prophethood and accused him of having been an impostor - have dared qualify him with the laudable attribute of “humility?”

DISCOVERY OF THE EXPANDING UNIVERSE

There was a gap in Newton’s physics. Newton believed in an endlessly vast and static universe. His law of gravity encountered a problem. How was it that the physical bodies, in the course of eons, defied their mutual attractions and did not collapse into a unity? The formula that Einstein devised abandoned the absolute notions of space and time as reference points for all objects in the universe. Basing his studies on Einstein’s formulas, Alexander Friedmann, a Russian physicist, discovered that the universe must be expanding. Georges Lemaître, a Belgian cleric, astronomer and cosmologist, formulated that the universe had begun in a cataclysmic explosion of a small, primeval superatom, like the growing of an oak tree from an acorn. This theory explained the recession of galaxies within the framework of Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity. This idea was so incredible that even Einstein had problems accepting it, despite the fact that this all had originated from his own formulas. Einstein, rather, countered that physics was not the forte of Lemaître, and the universe was an infinite expanse and in a steady state.

Lemaître’s theory posited that the universe was expanding. This was a statement that no philosopher and no scientist had ever before set forth. Kant had said in his Critique of Pure Reason that this was an enigma unsolvable by human intelligence. This theory fit everything and explained the reason why the universe did not collapse in spite of gravity. The key had fit into the lock. It was the correct explanation of the enigma. However, this statement met with the usual adverse reaction: “No, it is not the truth...”

Remaining outside the sphere of theoretical controversy, American astronomer Hubble was, about the same time, making observations with his sophisticated telescope in the Mount Wilson observatory. He observed that galaxies were receding from each other, which proved that the universe was expanding. In answer to those who said they could not believe in things their eyes had not witnessed, Hubble’s discovery led to the following declaration: “Now that you see it, you have got to believe it.” Hubble showed this by the Doppler Effect. Thus the wavelengths of receding bodies prolonged in the spectrum of light waves would shift to red, while, if the bodies approached each other, the wavelengths would shorten, shifting to blue. The light that came from galaxies that shifted to red showed that the galaxies were receding. In line with this observation, Hubble discovered a striking law: the speed of galaxies that receded was directly proportional to the distance between galaxies. The farther away a galaxy stood, the more its speed of recession accelerated. The result was tested again and again. In 1950, a high-magnification telescope was installed on Mount Palomar in the USA, the largest instrument of its kind. The new tests and controls justified this observation. The measurements made pointed to the fact that the creation of the universe occurred about 10-15 billion years ago.

Both Einstein and Lemaître took an interest in Hubble’s work; Einstein, who did not agree with Lemaître at first, eventually acknowledged during a conference that Lemaître was right after all. He confessed that his failure to endorse these findings had been the gravest error in his life. Thus it was that the fact that the universe was of a dynamic nature and expanding, confirmed by observations, was also validated by the great physicist Einstein.

In the examples presented by Hubble and Lemaître, we see illustrated how a physicist arrives at a conclusion both in theory and through observation. While Lemaître demonstrated how he had made inferences from Einstein’s formulas to substantiate his theoretical discoveries, Hubble presented the data of his observations and his conclusions.

As we see, the result obtained by physicists is the consequence of cumulative and collective bits of knowledge and research. The Creator of physical laws provides the answer in the Quran to the issues of towering importance throughout human history. The Quran’s presentation of scientific facts is clear, direct, and concise; it is different than the presentation of scientists, which tends to be complicated by scientific methods and procedures. The provider of this answer does not have to go through all the labyrinths a scientist has to. The Quran’s method is perfectly straightforward, unswerving and explicit.

If we had the possibility of looking at the universe from above and somebody asked us to describe what we saw, our answer would be that it was expanding. To achieve the Quran’s revelation of this fact 1400 years ago, man would have needed access to the assistance of accumulated scientific data acquired throughout long years and to sophisticated telescopes. When people claim that science and religion oppose each other, the Quran furnishes answers to the most complicated scientific problems. Observations made by sophisticated telescopes today confirm the statements of the Quran.

The Quran, perfectly aware of the human psyche with its prescience, states that nonbelievers will insist on their convictions regardless how many miracles are presented to them. Some ask: “Why did the people also not believe in Jesus, who had performed miracles and healed the sick and the blind?” This example demonstrates why the majority of people did not believe in Christ and the other prophets, despite their miracles. Miracles change in fact as time goes by, but the negative attitude of most humans remains unchanged.

REASON FOR THE USE OF THE ROYAL PLURAL

I think it advisable to explain the reason for the use of “We” in the verse analyzed in this chapter. God uses both the royal plural “We” and the first person singular “I.” Some languages use the first person plural “we” to express grandeur and exalted rank.

In the hundreds of references addressing God in the second person, the pronoun used is “Thou” and never the plural “You” or “Ye.” The thousands of references made to Him as a third person always use the pronoun “He” and never “They.” References in the Quran to God always use either the second or the third person, and none of them as a second or third person plural. Thousands of times in the Quran, God is referred to as “Allah,” “Gracious (Rahman),” Merciful (Raheem),” and “Lord (Rab)” and all of these words are in the singular, never the plural.



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CINQUIEME CONFERENCE SUR LES SYSTEMES INTELLIGENTS :THEORIES ET APPLICATIONS

  : Ajouté le 17/11/2007 à 09:08 PM

PRESENTATION

SITA’08 est la cinquième édition des conférences sur la recherche en théories et applications des systèmes intelligents, fruit d’une coopération nationale rassemblant plusieurs universités et instituts marocains. Cette cinquième édition représentera la continuité des quatre dernières éditions GIISI’01 organisées à la FST de Mohammedia (Avril, 2001), GIISI’02 organisées à l’INPT de Rabat (Février, 2003), SITA’04 organisé à l’ENSIAS (Décembre 2004). La 4ème édition (SITA’06, Novembre 2006) s’est déroulé à la FST de Mohammedia. L’organisation de la 5ème édition (SITA’08) a été confiée à l’INPT.

OBJECTIFS & THEMES

Cette conférence vise à présenter les travaux de recherches récents dans les théories modernes et émergentes de l’Intelligence Artificielle utilisant des approches connexionnistes et symboliques (logique floue, réseaux de neurones, algorithmes génétiques, systèmes à base de connaissances, Soft Computing, etc.) ainsi que leurs applications à différents domaines d’ingénierie Informatique, Télécommunications, Robotique, Data Mining, Traitement d’images et vidéos, reconnaissance des formes, etc.). L’emphase serait mise particulièrement sur les apports de ces nouvelles théories dans la résolution de problèmes très complexes que plusieurs communautés scientifiques et industrielles rencontrent :

  1. Gestion de la connaissance
  2. Raisonnement et Gestion des imprécisions et des incertitudes
  3. Programation Logique et par contraintes
  4. Apprentissage, Fouille et Extraction
  5. Classification et Prise de décision
  6. Web Semantique et Fouille de Textes
  7. Traitement de la Langue Naturelle, de la parole, d’images et du Signal
  8. Architecture des Systèmes d’IA et Interface Intelligente
  9. Identification et analyse des systèmes...
  10. Systèmes Multi-Agents

SOUMISSION D’ARTICLES

Les auteurs sont invités à soumettre leurs communications en français ou en anglais (entre 4 et 8 pages, format A4, selon le modèle téléchargeable sur le site de SITA’08). Les communications acceptées vont apparaître dans les actes de la conférence. Les articles sont à envoyer sur le site www.inpt.ac.ma/~sita08 (selon le modèle)

COMITE DU PROGRAMME

Lieu de conférence

Institut National des Postes et Télécommunications Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat
Tél : 037 77 29 79
Fax : 037 77 30 44

DATES IMPORTANTES

1° Appel A communication : Septembre 2007
Date limite de soumission : 15 Décembre 2007
NOTIFICATION Aux Auteurs : 31 Janvier 2008
VERSION FINALE : 1 Avril 2008
SITA’08 : 5-7 Mai 2008

http://www.inpt.ac.ma/~sita08/

 

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